Hak Cipta Atas Karya Kecerdasan Buatan: Perbandingan Hukum Indonesia dan Uni Eropa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37893/jv.v5i1.1377Keywords:
Atribusi Fungsional, Hak Cipta, Indonesia Kecerdasan Buatan, Kepengarangan, Normative Silence, Orisinalitas, Perbandingan Hukum, Uni EropaAbstract
Perkembangan sistem artificial intelligence generatif menghadirkan tantangan mendasar bagi rezim hukum hak cipta yang secara historis dibangun atas asumsi kepengarangan manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif-komparatif untuk menganalisis bagaimana sistem hukum Uni Eropa dan Indonesia mengonstruksi konsep kepengarangan serta kepemilikan hak cipta atas karya berbasis AI. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa Uni Eropa telah membangun standar orisinalitas yang terstruktur melalui doktrin author’s own intellectual creation yang berkembang melalui yurisprudensi Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). Sebaliknya, Indonesia masih menghadapi normative silence yang serius, yang ditandai oleh tidak adanya definisi orisinalitas yang eksplisit, tidak adanya pembedaan antara karya AI-generated dan AI-assisted, serta belum adanya pengaturan mengenai penggunaan karya yang dilindungi hak cipta sebagai data pelatihan AI. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa kekosongan tersebut mencerminkan keterputusan struktural antara fondasi filosofis Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta dan realitas perkembangan teknologi saat ini. Tanpa intervensi normatif yang terencana, yang meliputi kodifikasi standar orisinalitas, pembedaan kategoris antara karya AI-generated dan AI-assisted, serta mekanisme atribusi fungsional yang jelas, Indonesia berisiko kehilangan kapasitas untuk melindungi kepentingan para pencipta manusia di tengah ekosistem digital yang semakin didominasi oleh produksi berbasis mesin.
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